1859
Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s
Years: 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 - 1859 - 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864
Events
- January 2 - Erastus Beadle[?] publishes The Dime Book of Practical Etiquette[?].
- February 14 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
- April 25 - Ground is broken for the Suez Canal
- May 30 - Piedmontese defeat the Austrian army at Palestro[?]
- June 24 - Battle of Solferino[?] (Battle of the Three Sovereigns[?]) Sardinia and Napoleon III of France defeat Franz Josef I of Austria-Hungary in northern Italy
- July 4 - Franco-Piedmontese War[?]: The Battle of Magenta.
- July 11 - Austrian Emperor Franz Josef, faced with expensive war against Piedmont and revolution in Hungary, meets Napoleon III at Villfranca[?]. Since the death of Metternich in 1858, he negotiates personally. Hostilities ceases, partly due to Napoleon's fear of the Nationalism in Italy.
- August 27 - Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania
- September 17 - Joshua A. Norton proclaims himself "Emperor of These United States"
- October 16 - John Brown raids Harper's Ferry in Virginia, the signal for a general slave rebellion.
- October 18 - Federal Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower Brown at the Federal arsenal[?]
- November 19 - Opera "Genevieve de Brabant[?]", composed by Jacques Offenbach, debuts at the Theatre de Bouffes Parisians in Paris.
- Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Francesco I of the Two Sicilies[?]
- Charles Blondel[?] crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope[?]
- Karl_XV succeeds Oskar I as Swedish King
- Codex Sinaiticus found by Constantin von Tischendorf on his third visit to the monastery of Santa Katerina[?], on Mount Sinai
- Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis, one of most important open problems of contemporary mathematics
- Solar flares first observed on the Sun by English astronomer Richard Carrington[?].
- Brisbane declared the capital of newly-made-separate colony [Queensland]], Australia
Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy
- 1859 in literature:
- Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
- Charles Dickens' A Tale Of Two Cities[?] is published on July 11
Births
- January 11 - George Nathaniel Curzon (Lord Curzon), British statesman
- January 13 - Karl Bleibtreu[?], critic (+ 1928)
- January 27 - Wilhelm II of Germany, last German Emperor[?] and Prussian king (+ 1941)
- February 1 - Victor Herbert, composer
- February 3 - Hugo Junkers, industrialist and aircraft designer (+ 1935)
- February 18 - Sholom Aleichem[?], writer (+ 1916)
- March 2 - Sholom Aleichem[?], novelist (+ 1916)
- March 8 - Kenneth Grahame, author (+ 1932)
- March 26 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet
- May 15 - Pierre Curie, physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics 1903 (+ 1906)
- May 22 - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer of the Sherlock Holmes novels
- August 4 - Knut Hamsun, author (+ 1952)
- October 9 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer
- October 18 - Henri Bergson, French philosopher and winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize in literature
- December 15 - L. L. Zamenhof, Ruso-Polish initiator of Esperanto
- Francesc Macià, President of Catalan Generalitat
Deaths
- May 22 - Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
- September 15 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer.
- November 28 - Washington Irving, American author.
- December 2 - John Brown, American abolitionist, hanged for Treason
lieutenant of carabiniers, and afterwards as captain of the first
of an enemy was on the 30th of April, 1792, near Quievrain, where he had
Nerwinde, and of Pellenberg. At the battle.html">battle of Houdscoote he
He was wounded at the battle of Fleures, and again at the passage of the
to serve in Germany, but in 1798 and 1799.html">1799 he headed a division in
troops in the capital and its environs. His address to Bonaparte,
life and the elevation to the Imperial throne, contain such mean and
self-command and more courage to pronounce them than to brave the fire of
contents are, procured him the field.html">Field-marshal's staff. Mortier well knew
than his services in the field. I was not present when Mortier spoke so
he had his eyes fixed on the ground the whole time, as if to say, "I
what shall I do, tormented as I am by ambition to figure among the great,
you have not, I will console myself with the idea that my meanness is
be permanent."
Mortier married, in 1799, the daughter of the landlord of the Belle
of her father. She is pretty, but not handsome, and she takes advantage
infidelities. When she was delivered of her last child, Mortier
the babe has, indeed, less resemblance to him than to his valet de
the Empress were the sponsors, and it was christened by Cardinal Fesch.
necklace valued at one hundred and fifty thousand livres.
During his different campaigns, and particularly during his glorious
millions of livres, laid out in estates and lands. He is considered by
our fashionables and our courtiers he is held up as a model of connubial
.
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