Byte 

A byte has several meanings, all closely related:

1. a contiguous sequence of a fixed number of bits; 8 bit bytes are by far and away the most common though 7 bit bytes and 9 bit bytes (especially on the 36 bit architecture of the PDP-10) and so on are also used. Unqualified or in a general context byte is very likely to mean "8 bits". An 8 bit byte can hold 256 possible values (2⁸ = 256) hence typically represented as an integer number from 0 to 255.
2. a contiguous sequence of bits that comprises a sub-field of a longer word. This usage is reflected, for example, in LDB[?] and DPB[?] (assembler instructions for field extraction on a PDP-10 and now functions in Common Lisp).
3. A datatype in certain programming languages. C for example defines byte to be synonymous with unsigned char (where it is an integer datatype capable of holding at least 256 different values).

The 8 bit byte is often called an octet in a networking context and also by some standards organisations.

Byte is often abbreviated B and sometimes b, though b is incorrect as that is a better abbreviation for bit.

The term "byte" was coined by Werner Buchholz in 1956 during the early design phase for the IBM Stretch computer; originally it was described as 1 to 6 bits (typical I/O equipment of the period used 6-bit chunks of information). The move to an 8-bit byte happened in late 1956, and this size was later adopted and promulgated as a standard by the System/360. The word was coined by mutating the word `bite' so it would not be accidentally misspelled as bit.

Half a byte (4 bits) is sometimes called (playfully) a nibble (sometimes spelled nybble) or more formally a hex digit. The nibble is often called a semioctet in a networking context and also by some standards organisations.

For a list of prefixes used to describe larger numbers of bytes, see Binary prefixes.

Byte is also the name of a popular computer programming magazine, see Byte magazine.

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