Byzantine text-type 

The Byzantine text-type is the text-type with by far the largest number of manuscripts, especially from the invention of the minuscule (cursive) handwriting in the 9th century. For example, of 522 complete or nearly complete manuscripts of the Catholic Epistles[?] collated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research[?] in Münster, Germany, 372 of them attest the Byzantine reading in at least 90% of 98 test places.

The first printed edition of the New Testament in 1516 by Erasmus was largely based on Byzantine manuscripts, and its text came to be known as the Textus Receptus or received text. The King James Version of the Bible was translated from editions of the Textus Receptus.

Karl Lachmann (1850) was the first N.T. textual critic to produce an edition of the New Testament that broke with the Textus Receptus, relying mainly instead in manuscripts from the Alexandrian text-type. Although the majority of N.T. textual critics now favor a text that is Alexandrian in complexion, especially after the publication of Westcott & Hort's editions, there remain a few proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs. These critics include Hodges & Farstad and Robinson & Pierpoint.

To give a feel for the difference between the Byzantine form of text and the critical text, which is Alexandrian in character, of 800 variation units in the Epistle of James collected by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, the Byzantine and critical texts are in agreement in 731 of the places (a rate of 92.3%). Many of the 69 disagreements involve differences in word order and other variants that do not appear as translatable differences in English versions. According to the preface to the New King James Version[?] of the Bible, the Textus Receptus, the Alexandrian text-type and the Byzantine text-type are 85% identical.

See also: Alexandrian text-type, Caesarean text-type[?], Western text-type, Textus Receptus.

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