Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China
The Central Military Commission refers to one of two bodies within the People's Republic of China. Unlike most national armies, the People's Liberation Army isn't considered as just another ministry. Although China does have a Ministry of National Defense and a Minister of National Defense[?] they exist solely for liasion with foreign militaries and to not have command authority.These two bodies are in command of the People's Liberation Army and have overlapping positions. There is the state CMC and the Party CMC. The state CMC theoretically reports to the National People's Congress but is in practice autonomous. The Party CMC by contrast is subordinate to the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Therefore under ordinary conditions, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China commands the Party CMC which then issues policy directives to the State CMC which then commands the armed forces. The post of the state CMC was created to form the illusion that the military, like most countries, was under the command of the state instead of the party. In actuality, the party and the state CMC have identical top leaderships. Power is wielded through the party military commission, but legitimacy arises from the state CMC.
The chairman of the CMC and one of the vice-chairmen are always civilians and a top party member. The remaining members are military officers. The Chairman of the CMC is often a senior official who has given up his other posts, and the CMC Chairman was held by both Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin after given up their other posts.
Like the post of General Secretary, the Presidency, the Chairmanship of the Central Military Commission is the third crown in the chinese political realm. It allows semi-retired leaders to pull string behind the throne.
During periods of political stress such as the Tiananmen Protests of 1989, this system can act in an altogether different way. During those protests, the President of the People's Republic of China Yang Shangkun was able to cooperate with the Chairman of the CMC Deng Xiaoping to effectively overwhelm Zhao Ziyang, the Party General Secretary.
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