Cesare Lombroso 

In 1876 Lombroso published L'Uomo delinquente, (Criminal Man), which he later expanded into a multi-volume work. Lombroso measured the shape and size of criminals' heads, and concluded that they displayed atavistic traits that were throwbacks to primitive man. In effect, what Lombroso had created was a new pseudoscience of forensic phrenology. Lombroso concluded that the criminals were born with inherited anti-social traits. His findings were the scientific basis for a wave of laws requiring forced sterilization of criminals and mental defectives in the early twentieth century.

Lombroso also advocated humane treatment for criminals. He argued for making rehabilitiation as the chief goal of penology, and against the routine employment of capital punishment.

External link

Cesare Lombroso at Brain and Mind (http://www.epub.org.br/cm/home_i.htm) Magazine: http://www.epub.org.br/cm/n01/frenolog/lombroso.htm

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