Charles J. Guiteau
Charles Guiteau (1841-1882) was an American lawyer with a history of mental illness who assassinated United States President James Garfield on July 2, 1881.
Guiteau was routinely beaten by his father as a child and left home at an early age. He inherited $1000 from his grandfather as a young man and went to law school, where he promptly flunked out. Undeterred he used his money to start a law firm in Chicago based on ludicrously fraudulent recommendations from virtually every prominent American family he could think of. After every case he handled resulted in enraged clients and judicial criticism, he went wandering and ended up at the controversial Oneida Community, where he joined an obscure religious sect, and reportedly spent all his time in sexual abandon. He was eventually expelled from the community for his all too obvious mental irregularities and then devoted himself to theology.
He published a book on the subject called The Truth which was almost entirely plagiarized. After that embarassment, Guiteau took an interest in politics. He repeatedly gave rambling unsolicited campaign speeches on Garfield's behalf during the election months, and believed himself to be solely responsible for Garfield's victory. He insisted on being awarded an ambassadorship for his vital assistance, and when he was ignored by the White House he went into seclusion and prayer, and believed that God had commanded him to kill the president. Guiteau bought an expensive .44 caliber collector's revolver which was ornately engraved with precious metals, because he wanted it to look good as a museum exhibit after the assassination. He shot Garfield in the back as he was boarding a train in Washington DC.
It took Garfield several weeks of lingering health to finally die from his bullet wound, during which time all manner of experimental medical procedures were employed in vain to save him, including arguably the world's first metal detector invented by Alexander Graham Bell. Most likely Garfield died from infection on account of doctor's constantly handling his open wound without any sterilisation, and conceivably would have survived if he was just allowed to rest and recover on his own.
Guiteau became something of a media darling during his trial for his bizarre behavior, including constantly badmouthing his defense team, formatting his testimony in epic poems which he recited at length, and soliciting legal advice from random spectators in the audience via passed notes. To the end Guiteau was actively making plans to start a lecture tour after his perceived imminent release. He was dismayed when the jury was unconvinced of his divine inspiration, and he was convicted of the murder. He was hung on January 23, 1882.
Guiteau's trial was the first high profile case where the insanity defense was considered, although Guiteau vehemently denied he was insane, which was one of the major causes of the rift between him and his defense lawyers.
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