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Classes vs. types

Philosophers sometimes distinguish classes from types and kinds[?]. We can talk about the class of human beings, just as we can talk about the type (or natural kind), human being, or humanity. How, then, might classes differ from types? One might well think they are not actually different categories of being, but typically, while both are treated as abstract objects, classes are not usually treated as universals, whereas types usually are. Whether natural kinds ought to be considered universals is vexed; see natural kind[?].

There is, in any case, a difference in how we talk about types and kinds versus how we talk about classes. We say that Socrates is a token of a type, or an instance of the natural kind, human being. But notice that we say instead that Socrates is a member of the class of human beings. We would not say that Socrates is a "member" of the type or kind, human beings. He is a token (instance) of the type (kind). So the linguistic difference is: types (or kinds) have tokens (or instances); classes, on the other hand, have members. ]

And an empire of beautiful things, and the lips of the love who was mine. We have vanished, but not into night.html">night, though our manhood we sold to Neglecting the chances of fight, unfit for the spear and the bow. State Till a scholar from sea-bright lands unearth from the years and the sands (a Greek Legend.) Zacho the King rode out of old With saddle and spurs and a rein of gold With soft and lustrous eyes. "Unwise . . . unwise . . . unwise! "You should have left to the prince your son Your bright and morning days are done; Sword-scattered from my side; I'll out again and ride!" But Charon rose and caught his hair "Loose me, old ferryman: play fair: And struck him thrice to ground, And sat like stars around. And thrice old Charon rose up high "Loose me! a broken man am I, I pray you walk with me: You well may shake to see. "Home to my home come they who fight, Without, my tent.html">tent is black as night, My tent is fast and fair: The cords, their golden hair." PAVLOVNA IN LONDON I listened to the hunger-hearted clown, A tall dark woman in a scarlet gown - I found a tawdry room and there sat I, The pavement-cries from darkness and below: And thought how little all the world would change What dancing in this dreary theatre? And who the fire-foot god that follows her? - Back-shadowing in their parody of light And we, like that poor Faun who pipes and flees, And tremble, half in rapture, half afraid. Play on, O furtive and heartbroken Faun! .

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