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 Cloud forcing 

Cloud forcing is the difference between the radiation budget components for average cloud conditions and cloud-free conditions.

Roughly speaking, clouds increase the albedo from 15 to 30%, which results in a reduction of absorbed solar radiation of about 50 W/m^2. This cooling is offset somewhat by the greenhouse effect of clouds which reduces the OLR by about 30 W/m^2, so the net cloud forcing of the radiation budget is a loss of about 20 W/m^2. Were the clouds to be removed with all else remaining the same, the Earth would gain this last amount in net radiation and begin to warm up.

Helmer's refined nature gives him an unconquerable room. Nora. Oh, but, Doctor Rank-- Rank. I won't have him there. Not on any account. I bar my door shall send you my card with a black cross on it, and then you in a really good humour. Rank. With death stalking beside me?--To have to pay this penalty every single family, in one way or another, some such inexorable something cheerful. Rank. Oh, it's a mere laughing matter, the whole thing. My poor he was too partial to asparagus and pate de foie gras, don't you? Rank. Yes, and to truffles. Nora. Truffles, yes. And oysters too, I suppose? Rank. Oysters, of course, that goes without saying. Nora. And heaps of port and champagne. It is sad that all these bones of those who have not had the satisfaction of enjoying them. Nora. Yes, that's the saddest part of it all. Rank (with a searching look at her). Hm!-- Nora (after a short pause). Why did you smile? Rank. No, it was you that laughed. Nora. No, it was you that smiled, Doctor Rank! Rank (rising). You are a greater rascal than I thought. Nora. I am/am.html">am in a silly mood today. Rank. So it seems. Nora (putting her hands on his shoulders). Dear, dear Doctor gone are soon forgotten. Nora (looking at him anxiously). Do you believe that? Rank. People form.html">form new ties, and then-- Nora. Who will form new ties? Rank. Both you and Helmer, when I am gone. You yourself.

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