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Confederate States of America : ConfederacyThe Confederate States of America (CSA) was the government formed by the southern states that seceded from the United States during the period of the American Civil War. Its constitution was very similar to that of the United States (or the "Union"), although it reflected a stronger philosophy of states' rights, and it also contained an explicit protection of the institution of slavery. The CSA was formed on February 8, 1861 and Jefferson Davis was selected as its first president the next day.Unlike the US president, the president of the Confederacy was to be elected to a six-year term and could not be reelected. The only president was Jefferson Davis; the Confederacy was defeated by Union forces before he could finish out his term. Although the preamble refers to "each State acting in its sovereign and independent character", it also refers to the formation of a "permanent federal government," thus seeming to deny to the Southern states the very right to secession that they claimed for themselves when they left the United States. Also, although slavery was enshrined in the constitution, it also prohibited the importation of new slaves from outside the Confederacy. Although negotiations took place between the Confederacy and several European powers (including France and England), it was never granted formal recognition by any foreign state. The capital of the Confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama, from February 4 1861 until May 29 1861, when it was moved to Richmond, Virginia (Richmond was named the new capital on May 6). Shortly before the end of the war the Confederate government evacuated Richmond with plans to relocate further south, but little came of this before Lee's surrender. The official flag of the Confederacy, and the one actually called the "Stars and Bars," was sometimes hard to distinguish from the Union flag under battle conditions, so the Confederate battle flag, the "Southern Cross," became the one more commonly used and, therefore, the one most people associate with the Confederacy today. (It is often called the "Stars and Bars," too, but should not be.) The Stars and Bars had seven stars, for the seven states that had seceded from the Union by the time it was adopted; the Southern Cross had thirteen stars, for the eleven states that did secede and for the two that were admitted to the Confederacy but that had either declared neutrality or been prevented from seceding by Union occupation, so they had representatives in both governments: Kentucky and Missouri.
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Hopper?"
God forbid that we should smile at the Colonel's simple faith. And if
business which had been an honor to the, city.html">city where it was founded, I
that day. Why should we wish to know the rate of interest on those
signal for the little force which remained to leave. Outside, in the
Presently he crept to the door of the office, pushed it open, and beheld
befo'--befo' she done left us?"
"Yes, Ephum."
He saw the faithful old negro but dimly. Faintly he heard the pleading
Lige?"
"Ephum," said the Colonel, sadly, "I had a letter from the Captain
in Yankee pay."
Ephum took a step forward, appealingly, "But de Cap'n's yo' friend.html">friend, Marse
ain't in de army, suh."
"And I am the Captain's friend, Ephum," answered the Colonel, quietly.
No--not from my own brother, who is in a Pennsylvania regiments."
Ephum shuffled out, and his heart was lead as he closed the store that
Mr. Hopper has boarded a Fifth street.html">Street car, which jangles on with many
city. At Bremen great droves of mules fill the street, and crowd the
shots, Gentlemen with the yellow cavalry stripe of the United States
fingering the frightened animals. A herd breaks from the confusion and
They are going to board the Government transport--to die on the
on a corner, against the hot building, surveying the busy.
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