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 Courtier 

Courtiers follow an ancient profession. Once part of a ruling household, they became confounded with then separate from the administrative staff of government as power gravitated from individuals to republican-style assemblies, but remain today as the personal confidantes and assistants of hereditary rulers.

Courtiers often flock around monarchs, but non-royal courts (ducal courts, electoral courts) also existed.

Louis XIV of France systematically subjected the French aristocracy to political emasculation by involving them as courtiers in the empty but time-consuming rituals and intrigues of a purpose-built palace of Versailles.

The placemen[?] and rewarded campaign-donors of the political system of the United States of America form a more modern group of de facto courtiers.

See also: The Book of the Courtier

Mustard Chow-Chow, MRS. ALICE B. CASTLEMAN, Cheese Sticks, MRS. MARGARET M. RATCLIFFE, PIES. Lemon Pie, MRS. L. M. N. STEVENS Lemon Pie, MRS. VIRGINIA. C. MEREDITH Pumpkin Pie, MRS. FRANCES C. HOLLEY Cream Pie, MRS. M. K. LEE Apple Pie, MRS. ALICE VINEYARD BROWN Mince Meat, MRS. MARCIA LOUISE GOULD Graham Pudding, MRS. GEORGE A. MUMFORD Alexandre Pudding, MRS. M. D. THATCHER English Plum Pudding, MRS. PHOEBE M. HARTPENCE Vegetable Plum Pudding, MISS MARY E. BUSSELER Christmas Plum Pudding, MRS. ALICE J. WHALEN Bread and Butter Pudding, MRS. NANCY HUSTON BANKS Baked Indian Pudding, MRS. MARIAN D. COOPER Prune Pudding, MRS. HATTIE E. SLADDEN Prune Pudding, MRS. JOHN R. WILSON Chocolate Pudding, MISS MARY B. HANCOCK Delicious Pudding, MRS. ELIZABETH C. LANGWORTHY Suet Pudding, MRS. LEANDER STONE Steam Pudding, MRS. JOHN S. BRIGGS Baked Huckleberry Pudding, MRS. NELLIE B. PLUMER Cup Pudding, MRS. MARIE J. GASTON Chaperone Pudding, MRS. ANNIE L. Y. ORFF Baked Apple Dumpling, MRS. SCHUYLER COLFAX Sponge Cake, MRS. MARTHA A. GRIGGS North Dakota Sponge Cake, MRS. ALICE VINEYARD BROWN New Engl'd Raised MISS FRANCES S. IVYS French Loaf Cake, MRS. MARTHA A. GRIGGS Old Virginia Bread Cake, MRS. KATHERINE S. G. PAUL .

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