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 Cyrillic alphabet 

The Cyrillic alphabet is an alphabet used to write six Slavic languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian, Macedonian, and Bulgarian), as well as other languages of Russia and the former Soviet Union, such as Tatar (a Turkic language) and Udmurt[?] (a Finno-Ugric language).

The plan of the alphabet is derived from the Glagolitic alphabet, a 9th century uncial cursive[?] usually credited to two brothers, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. But the shapes of the glyphs in the Cyrillic alphabet are mainly Greek letters, although some letters retain their Glagolitic forms. Cyril's contributions to the Glagolitic alphabet and hence to the Cyrillic alphabet are still recognised, as the latter is named after him.

As used in various languages

Sounds are indicated using SAMPA. These are only approximate indicators. While these languages by and large have a phonemic orthography, there are occasional exceptions -- most notably Russian ЕГО (meaning he), which is pronounced /jEvo/ instead of /jEgo/.

Note that spellings of names may vary, especially Y/J/I but also GH/G/H.)

Slavic languages

Russian

CapitalSmallNameSound
АаA/a/
БбBe/b/
ВвVe/v/
ГгGhe/g/
ДдDe/d/
ЕеYe/jE/
ЁёYo/jO/
ЖжZhe/Z/
ЗзZe/z/
ИиI/i/
ЙйShort I/j/
КкKa/k/
ЛлEl/l/
МмEm/m/
НнEn/n/
ОоO/o/
ПпPe/p/
РрEr/r/
СсEs/s/
ТтTe/t/
УуU/u/
ФфEf/f/
ХхHa/x/
ЦцTse/ts/
ЧчChe/tS/
ШшSha/S/
ЩщShcha/Sj/
ЪъHard Signno palatalization¹
ЫыYery/1/
ЬьSoft Sign/j/ -- palatalization¹
ЭэE/E/
ЮюYu/ju/
ЯяYa/ja/

Note on the Hard Sign and Soft Sign:

  1. When a iotated vowel (one whose sound begins with /j/) follows a consonant, the consonant will become palatalised (the /j/ sound will mix with the consonant). The Hard Sign will indicate that this doesn't happen, and the /j/ sound will appear only in front of the vowel. On the other hand, the Soft Sign will indicate this palatalisation does happen, even though the following vowel has no /j/ sound.

Ukrainian

Like Russian except:

Belarusian

Like Russian except:

Bulgarian

Like Russian except:

Macedonian

Like Russian except:

Serbian

Like Macedonian except:

Non-Slavic languages

These alphabets are generally modelled after Russian, but often bear striking differences, particularly when adapted for Caucasian languages. This article has no information about them yet.

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