|
|
| word looked up : | home / archive |
DualismThe term dualism has several uses:
| |||
In theology, dualism can refer to the belief that there are two basic principles in the universe, usually personified as gods, that work in opposition to each other. One god is good, the other evil; some religions hold that one god works for order, the other for chaos. Both the Zoroastrian religion, three millennia old and still extant, and the essentially dead gnostic (and its variations such as Mandaeanism, Manichaeism, Bogomils, Cathars etc.) religions are dualistic. The third-century Christian heretic Marcion of Sinope held that the Old and New Testaments were the work of two opposing gods.
Alternatively, dualism can mean the tendency of humans to perceive and understand the world as being chunked into different categories. In this sense, it is dualistic when one perceives a tree as a thing separate from everything surrounding it, or when one perceives a "self" that is distinct from the rest of the world. In traditions such as Zen, a key to enlightenment is overcoming this sort of dualism. This isn'toriously difficult, and may require a lifetime of practice.
In philosophy of mind, dualism refers to a narrow variety of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which are seen as totally different kinds of things. See Dualism (philosophy of mind). This is in contrast to monism, which views mind and matter as being ultimately the same kind of thing.
In philosophy of science, dualism often refers to the dichotomy between the "subject" (the observer) and the "object" (the observed). Some critics of Western science see this kind of dualism as a fatal flaw in science. In part, this has something to do with potentially complicated interactions between the subject and the object, of the sort discussed in the social construction literature.
pride of the college, that our mathematical master was exceedingly fond
reason to be satisfied with him? What I have above stated, together with
every branch of education except mathematics. Neither was it, as Sir
him to be removed to Paris. He had attained the proper age, and the
among the number of the five who were chosen in 1784.
In a biographical account of Bonaparte I have read the following
where some one pronounced a high eulogium on Turenne; and a lady in the
like him better if he had not burned the Palatinate. "What signifies
view?"
This is either an anachronism or a mere fabrication. Bonaparte was
did not go into company.html">company, and least of all the company of ladies.
embrace the military profession--His report on the state of the
Vienna--Return to Paris, where I again meet Bonaparte--His singular
The 10th of August--My departure for Stuttgart--Bonaparte goes to
the siege of Toulon--Le Souper de Beaucaire--Napoleon's mission to
--Duroc's first connection with Bonaparte.
Bonaparte was fifteen years and two months old when he went to the
Napoleon's first residence in Paris:
inquire after Napoleon Bonaparte. He was at that time in the
the preceding year.
"My uncle Demetrius had met him just after he alighted from the coach
appearance of a fresh importation. I met him in the Palms Royal,
He would have been an excellent subject for sharpers, if, indeed, he
house; for though my uncle was a bachelor, he did not choose to dine
He told my mother that Napoleon was very morose. 'I fear,' added
.
On
wordlookup.net
All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
It uses material from the wikipedia.
|
|