18th century : Eighteenth century
(17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries)
Events
- The Enlightenment
- Scientific discovery and early Industrial Revolution. See the History of Science and Technology.
- The Little Ice Age (1500-1850) reaches its peak around 1750.
- Union of the Parliaments of Scotland and England forms the Kingdom of Great Britain
- Around the world exploration by James Cook in 1770s.
- American Revolution leading to United States declaration of independence in 1776 and Constitution in 1789.
- First European settlement of Australia in 1788.
- French revolution in 1789.
- Rosetta stone is found by Napoleon's troops in 1799.
- Wars of Empire between Great Britain, France, Spain, Austria.
- See the War of the Spanish Succession (or Queen Anne's War), War of the Austrian Succession (or King George's War), War of Jenkins Ear, Seven Years' War (or French and Indian War)
Significant people
- Johann Sebastian Bach (composer)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (composer)
- Voltaire (French writer and philosopher)
- Denis Diderot (French writer and philosopher)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French writer and philosopher)
- William Hogarth (painter and engraver)
- Thomas Gainsborough (painter)
- Sir Joshua Reynolds (painter)
- David Hume (philosopher)
- Immanuel Kant (philosopher)
- Leonhard Euler (mathematician)
- Benjamin Franklin (inventor and diplomat)
- Thomas Jefferson (American politician)
- Catherine the Great (Russian Tsarina)
- James Cook (British navigator)
- Jonathan Swift (British writer)
- Samuel Johnson (British writer)
- Thomas Gray (British writer)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German writer)
- Friedrich Schiller (German writer)
Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions
- Cotton gin by Eli Whitney
- The marine chronometer[?] of John Harrison solves the latitude problem for navigation.
- Improved Steam Engines by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt
Notorious People
- Benedict Arnold, considered a traitor by many people on both sides (United States and Britain) of the American revolutionary war[?].
Decades and Years
There the plenitude of society confines many useful ideas,
into maturity. Thus Europeans become Americans.
But how is this accomplished in that crowd of low, indigent people,
they no sooner arrive than they immediately feel the good.html">good.html">good effects of
and they are kindly entertained; their talents, character, and
countrymen everywhere disseminated, let them come from whatever part
he goes to work, and works moderately; instead of being employed by
substantial table of the farmer, or else at an inferior one as good;
he used to lie: if he behaves with propriety, and is faithful, he is
to feel the effects of a sort of resurrection; hitherto he had not
is treated as such; the laws of his own country.html">country had overlooked him
Judge what an alteration there must arise in the mind and thoughts
dependence, his heart.html">heart involuntarily swells and glows; this first
American. What love.html">love can he entertain for a country where his
love of this new adoptive parent will sink deep into his heart. He
before was as poor as himself. This encourages him much, he begins
life.html">life. If he is wise he thus spends two or three years, in which time
lands, felling trees, etc. This prepares the foundation of a good
has gained friends; he is advised and directed, he feels bold, he
well as what he has earned, and trusts to the God of harvests for
now possessed of the deed, conveying to him and his posterity the
situated on such a river. What an epocha in this man's life! He.
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