Gender identity
In sociology, gender or gender identity describes the sex that a person identifies with. Less commonly, it can describe the gender role that a person identifies with.In most people, sex and gender identity are the same: such as in a person who is physically male, and considers themselves male. There are other permutations: for example, a pre-op female-to-male transsexual may be physically female, but consider themself male (i.e. having a male gender, or male gender identity).
The study of gender identity has also opened up discussion of sex and gender, with some schools of thought arguing that, in some cultures, sex doesn't always equal gender. In other words, someone's gender identity isn't always determined solely by his or her sex.
Sometimes the line between gender identity and gender role is blurry. For example, is a drag queen acting like a woman (i.e. assuming a female gender identity), or acting like some women act (i.e. assuming a female gender role)? In fact, different drag queens describe themselves differently in this respect: the majority of drag queens have a male gender identity, some have a female gender identity, and a few, such as RuPaul, refuse to be categorised.
Formation of Gender Identity
Some research has been done that indicates that gender identity is fixed in early childhood and is thereafter static. This research has generally proceeded by talking to transsexuals and asking them at what time they first felt an identity towards the opposite sex. These studies estimate the age at which gender identity is formed at around 2-3.
Critics question this research, claiming that the studies suffer from a sampling bias. The acquisition of hormone replacement therapy and sexual reassignment surgery is generally controlled by doctors. One of the questions some doctors ask to distinguish between "real" transsexuals and others is to ask them when they first felt an attachment to the opposite sex. There is also a possibility of reporting bias, when transsexuals give the "correct" answer in order to increase the chances of obtaining hormones. Pat Califia[?], author of Sex Changes and Public Sex, noted:
- "None of the gender scientists seem to realize that they, themselves, are responsible for creating a situation where transsexual people must describe a fixed set of symptoms and recite a history that has been edited in clearly prescribed ways in order to get a doctor's approval for what should be their inalienable right".
larmes, firent beaucoup pour lui; quand on la vit, vêtue de deuil,
roi, à la France, à Dieu, tous les assistants éclatèrent en sanglots.
Les pleurs appellent les pleurs.
Et moi-même, après cinq siècles, ce n'est.html">est point sans une certaine
qui l'a bâti; ces tours.html">tours.html">tours sont ouvertes comme l'était son front; ces
dispersés comme cette main.html">main, ce morceau de bras et cette cervelle qu'on
appartenu.
C'est que celui qui a renversé ce château, qui a éventré ces tours
féodalité qu'il avait égorgée, et, comme Jean de Bourgogne, il a dit:
--Éteignez tout, et allez-vous-en; elle est morte.
Ce lutteur, c'était le cardinal.html">cardinal de Richelieu.
Pierrefonds pour jouer deux heures dans les ruines, je ne/ne.html">ne savais pas
c'était que de Rieux qui les avait tenues au/au.html">au nom de la Ligue,--ce que
enfin, que le cardinal de Richelieu qui les avait faites.
Mais ces ruines ne m'en paraissaient pas moins splendides.
Elles appartenaient alors à M. Radix de Sainte-Foix, qui les avait
de M. Longuet, lequel les avait achetées de la Nation, laquelle les
l'empereur à M. Heu, qui les tenait de M. Arnould, gendre et héritier
meilleur pour y venir de Compiègne que pour y aller de Villers-Cotterets.
Arrivé à Pierrefonds par un chemin à peu près impraticable, il fallait
tours, pas de harpe éolienne vibrant au faîte des donjons.
Les chemins n'en étaient pas ratissés, les murs époussetés, les cours
âge.
Les premiers qui découvrirent Pierrefonds, après moi, bien entendu,
renseignait, on s'orientait, et, la boussole d'une main, la palette de
de Rhétheuil, et l'on se trouvait en face des ruines.
.
On
wordlookup.net
All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
It uses material from the wikipedia.
|
|