Guild
The neutrality of this article is disputed.Medieval guilds (or gilds) were an approximate equivalent to modern-day business organisations such as a chamber of commerce[?].
They are sometimes compared to modern labor unions; however, the similarities are few and there are important differences. The medieval guild held a oligopoly on its trade in the town in which it operated. Because of this, the guild could regulate pricing, quality, training, working hours, sales hours, and other such things. In many towns, the guilds were the wealthiest organizations and would use their considerable finances to build grandiose guild halls[?] and to finance festivities.
The guild used to be the center of European handicraft organization. The guild system appeared in Germany in the Middle Ages, circa 1300. The guilds are identified with organizations enjoying certain privileges[?], issued by local state authorities. Handicraft workers were forbidden to run any business if they were not members of a guild. Before these privileges were legislated, these groups of handicraft workers were simply called "handicraft associations".
The guild organization was of mutual benefit for the guild and the state, as the authorities were represented on the guild meetings and thus had a means of controlling the handicraft activities.
Because of industrialization and modernization of the trade and industry, the guild became increasingly old-fashioned. In the 1800s the guild system was disbanded and replaced by free trade laws. By that time, a large portions of the former handicraft workers had already been converted to workers of the manufacturing industry.
Some guild tradtions still remain in a few handicrafts, in Europe especially among shoemakers[?] and barbers. Some of the ritual traditions of the guilds were conserved in order organizations such as the Freemasons.
Sources
- Söderlund, Ernst: Den svenska arbetarklassens historia - Hantverkarna II frihetstiden och den gustavianska tiden Stockholm 1949 (in Swedish)
lyrical, the most complete, and the most beautiful of all the
its most precious possessions.
From this point to the end of the Saga it keeps closely to the
prose the "Ancient Lay of Gudrun", except for the beginning,
lay also we have translated.
The grand poem, called the "Hell-ride of Brynhild", is not
Sagaman has supplied from it a link or two wanting in the "Lay of
fearful end of Atli and his sons, and court, are recounted in two
"Greenland Lay of Atli", is followed closely by the Sagaman; the
her last husband Jonakr, treated of in the last four chapters of
called the "Whetting of Gudrun", and the "Lay of Hamdir", which
with; but one other, the "Lament of Oddrun", we have translated
think we may.html">may well trust the reader.html">reader of poetic insight to break
element may at first trouble him, and to meet the nature and
reader will be intensely touched by finding, amidst all its
such close sympathy with all the passions that may move himself
this Volsung Tale, which is in fact an unversified poem, should
story.html">Story of the North, which should be to all our race.html">race what the Tale
afterwards, when the change of the world has made our race
should it be to those that come after us no less than the Tale of
ENDNOTES:
CHAPTER I.
called of men.html">men the son of Odin; another man withal is told of in
was Sigi the mightier and the higher of kin, according to the
story must deal somewhat, Bredi by name, who was called after
equal to men who were held more worthy, yea, and better than some
of the deer.html">deer, and the thrall with him; and they hunted deer day-
.
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