January 1 

Events

• 45 BC - Julian calendar goes into effect
• 404 - Last gladiator competition in Rome
• 1438 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary
• 1502 - Rio de Janeiro discovered
• 1622 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of for example March 25 in England
• 1651 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland
• 1700 - Russia accepts Julian calendar
• 1707 - John V becomes King of Portugal
• 1788 - First edition of The Times, previously The Daily Universal Register, was published.
• 1801 - Legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland completed to form United Kingdom
• 1801 - Discovery of 1 Ceres, first known asteroid
• 1804 - End of French rule in Haiti.
• 1808 - Importation of slaves into the United States is banned
• 1863 - Abraham Lincoln delivers the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War.
• 1863 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska
• 1874 - New York City annexes The Bronx
• 1880 - Construction of the Panama Canal begins
• 1887 - Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India at the first Imperial Assemblage (Durbar) in Delhi.
• 1892 - Ellis Island opens to begin accepting immigrants to the United States
• 1893 - Japan accepts the Gregorian calendar
• 1897 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City
• 1899 - End of Spanish rule in Cuba.
• 1899 - Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City
• 1901 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate
• 1901 - Establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia (Federation).
• 1902 - The first Rose Bowl[?] game is played in Pasadena, California
• 1908 - A ball signifying New Year's Day drops in New York City's Times Square for the first time
• 1911 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia
• 1912 - Establishment of Republic of China
• 1919 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company
• 1934 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison
• 1937 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua[?]
• 1937 - The first Cotton Bowl game is played in Dallas, Texas
• 1942 - World War II: The word "United Nations" is first officially used to describe the Allied pact.
• 1956 - End of Anglo-Egyptian Condominium in Sudan.
• 1959 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista overthrown by Fidel Castro.
• 1960 - Cameroon becomes independent
• 1962 - Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand
• 1964 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved
• 1970 - Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
• 1971 - Cigarette advertisements banned on United States television
• 1979 - United States and China begin diplomatic relations[?]
• 1981 - Palau becomes self-governing
• 1981 - Greece enters the European Community
• 1983 - The ARPANET officially changes to use the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet
• 1984 - Brunei becomes a fully independent state.
• 1984 - AT&T is broken up into 22 independent units
• 1984 - Spain and Portugal enter the European Community
• 1986 - Aruba becomes independent of Curacao
• 1992 - George H. W. Bush is first President of the United States to address the Australian Parliament[?]
• 1993 - Czechoslovakia divides. Establishment of Slovak Republic and Czech Republic
• 1994 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect
• 1995 - World Trade Organization goes into effect
• 1995 - Austria, Finland and Sweden enter the European Union
• 1996 - Curacao gains limited self-government
• 1998 - Smoking is banned in all California bars and restaurants
• 1999 - Euro currency introduced.
• 2002 - Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender.
• 2003 - Pascal Couchepin becomes president of Switzerland
• 2003 - Luís Inácio Lula da Silva becomes president of Brazil

Births

• 1431 - Pope Alexander VI (+ 1503)
• 1449 - Lorenzo de Medici, statesman (+ 1492)
• 1484 - Huldreich Zwingli, protestant leader (+ 1531)
• 1618 - Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, painter (+ 1682)
• 1735 - Paul Revere, silversmith, United States patriot (+ 1818)
• 1750 - Frederick Muhlenberg, first speaker of the United States House of Representatives (+ 1801)
• 1752 - Betsy Ross[?], seamstress (+ 1836)
• 1839 - Ouida, writer (+ 1908)
• 1857 - Wojciech Kossak[?], painter
• 1860 - George Washington Carver, educator, inventor, botanist (+ 1943)
• 1863 - Pierre de Coubertin, historian and pedagogue, initiator of modern Olympic Games (+ 1937)
• 1876 - Harriet Brooks[?], physicist (+ 1933)
• 1879 - E. M. Forster, novelist (+ 1970)
• 1887 - Wilhelm Canaris, admiral (+ 1945)
• 1890 - Anton Melik, Slovene geographer (+ 1966)
• 1894 - Satyendra Nath Bose, mathematician (+ 1974)
• 1895 - J. Edgar Hoover, FBI director (+ 1972)
• 1900 - Xavier Cugat[?], musician, bandleader (+ 1990)
• 1909 - Barry M. Goldwater, Arizona Senator (+ 1998)
• 1909 - John Glenn, astronaut, soldier, Senator from Ohio
• 1909 - Dana Andrews, actor (+ 1992)
• 1911 - Hank Greenberg, baseball player (+ 1986)
• 1912 - Kim Philby, spy (+ 1988)
• 1917 - Jule Gregory Charney[?], meteorologist (+ 1981)
• 1919 - J. D. Salinger, novelist
• 1922 - Rocky Graziano[?], boxer, born "Rocky Barbella" (+ 1990)
• 1925 - Stymie Beard[?], actor (+ 1981)
• 1925 - Idi Amin, dictator of Uganda
• 1927 - Doak Walker[?], American football star
• 1928 - Ernest Tidyman[?], writer (+ 1984)
• 1933 - Joe Orton, writer (+ 1967)
• 1940 - Frank Langella[?], actor
• 1940 - Helmut Jahn[?], architect
• 1942 - Country Joe McDonald[?], musician, (Country Joe and the Fish)
• 1943 - Don Novello, actor, comedian, writer ("Father Guido Sarducci")
• 1945 - Jacky Ickx, automobile racer
• 1958 - Grand Master Flash[?], singer
• 1970 - Paul Thomas Anderson[?], film director, writer, producer
• 1979 - Koichi Domoto, artist

Deaths

• 898 - Odo, Count of Paris
• 1817 - Martin Heinrich Klaproth[?], chemist (* 1743)
• 1894 - Heinrich Hertz, physicist (* 1857)
• 1953 - Hank Williams, country music singer
• 1972 - Maurice Chevalier, actor and singer
• 1986 - Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist
• 1992 - Grace Hopper, computer pioneer
• 1994 - Cesar Romero[?], actor
• 1997 - Townes Van Zandt[?], musician
• 2001 - Ray Walston, actor

Holidays and observances

• Many countries around the world using Gregorian Calendar - New Year's Day; often celebrated at 0:00 with fireworks.
• Vienna New Year's Concert
• United States - Copyright Expiration Day[?], celebrating the expiration of the copyright of a year's worth of works of authorship into the public domain. Not celebrated from 1978 to 2018 because of repeated copyright term extensions.
• Catholicism - Octave of Christmas, Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
• Catholicism - National Migration Week[?] begins (varying official support by the office of U.S. President, not strictly religious)
• Haiti Independence Day
• Taiwan Founding of Republic of China.
• Sudan Independence Day
• Cuba Liberation Day
• Slovakia: Establishment of Slovak Republic.
• Last day of Kwanzaa
• Pasadena, California - The Tournament of Roses[?] parade and, traditionally, the Rose Bowl[?]
• World Day for Prayer for Peace[?]

December 31 - January 2 - December 1 - February 1 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

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