Minor league baseball
Minor leagues are professional baseball leagues which are at a lower pay level and play in smaller cities and towns than do the major leagues. In the North American leagues, the minor leagues are typically under the control of the major leagues and are used for development of younger players. There are, however, "independent" leagues, whose teams are not affiliated with any major league team; these are also known as sandlot leagues..The existence of the minor league system is partly due to major league baseball's ability to include a reserve clause in the contracts with minor league baseball players which gives a major league team exclusive rights to a player even after the contract has expired. This is possible in baseball because of a 1922 Supreme Court decision which grants baseball a special immunity from antitrust laws.
The first league recognized as minor was the Northwestern League, which in 1883 entered into an agreement with the two major leagues at the time (the National League and the American Association), under which it would have a lower salary limit than the other two leagues. The National Agreement of 1903, which made peace between the National League and the new American League, also further codified the notion of "minor league" and establshed classifications for different levels.
Even so, until about 1925, many minor league teams operated largely independent of any major league influence. Some teams in the higher minor leagues actually outdrew some major leagues teams and had players who made more money than some major leaguers. Many baseball writers of that time regarded the greatest of the minor league stars, such as Buzz Arlett[?], Jigger Statz, Ike Boone and Frank Shellenback[?], as equal to some major league stars.
It wasn't until after the 1925 season that the minor leagues began to be fully suboordinated to the majors. Following that season, the majors and minors signed an agreement allowing any player on a minor league roster to be purchased for $5,000 from his minor league team. This was leveled primarily at the Baltimore Orioles, then a Triple-A team who had dominated the minors for years with stars such as Babe Ruth and Lefty Grove because owner Jack Dunn refused to sell them to the majors for years.
Branch Rickey[?] is credited with developing the first modern "farm system" in the 1920s. Under a farm system, major league teams own or have working relationships with minor league teams, and then stock those teams with prospects and reserve players, who can then be reassigned (to the major league team, or to another club in the farm system) at the discretion of the major league club. Today, every major league franchise has a farm system and only a few minor leagues operate independently of major-league influence.
Leagues and classifications (for the 2002 season)
AAA (triple-A) leagues are the highest level of minor league, just below the major leagues.
International League (IL)
Buffalo Bisons[?]
Charlotte Knights[?]
Columbus Clippers
Durham Bulls[?]
Indianapolis Indians[?]
Louisville Bats
Norfolk Tides
Ottawa Lynx
Pawtucket Red Sox[?]
Richmond Braves
Rochester Red Wings[?]
Scranton Wilkes-Barre Red Barons[?]
Syracuse SkyChiefs[?]
Toledo Mud Hens
Mexican League
Campeche Piratas[?]
Cancun Langosteros[?]
Cordoba Cafeteros[?]
Mexico Tigres[?]
Mexico City Diablos Rojos[?]
Monclova Acereros[?]
Monterrey Sultanes[?]
Oaxaca Guerreros[?]
Puebla Pericos[?]
Reynosa Broncos
Saltillo Saraperos[?]
Tabasco Olmecas[?]
Two Laredos Tecolotes[?]
Union Laguna Algodoneros[?]
Veracruz Rojos del Aguila[?]
Yucatan Leones[?]
Pacific Coast League (PCL)
Albuquerque Isotopes
Colorado Springs Sky Sox[?]
Edmonton Trappers
Fresno Grizzlies[?]
Iowa Cubs[?]
Las Vegas 51s
Memphis Redbirds[?]
Nashville Sounds
New Orleans Zephyrs[?]
Oklahoma RedHawks[?]
Omaha Royals[?]
Portland Beavers
Sacramento River Cats[?]
Salt Lake Stingers
Tacoma Rainiers
Tucson Sidewinders[?]
AA (double-A) leagues
High-A leagues
Low-A Leagues
Short-Season A Leagues
Rookie/Instructional Leagues
Fall Leagues
Independent minor leagues (not affiliated with Major League Baseball)
- Atlantic League
- Canadian Baseball League
- Central Baseball League
- Frontier League
- Northern League
- Southeastern League
- Western Baseball League
ALPHABETICAL TEAM LISTING
External link
- Official website (http://www.minorleaguebaseball.com)
habe schon vor Stunden mein letztes Stueck verzehrt.
Raina [in ihren heiligsten Vorstellungen von Maennlichkeit verletzt]:
Schuljunge, selbst auf dem Schlachtfeld?
Der Fluechtling [hungrig]: Ich wollte, ich haette jetzt welche. [Raina
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Der Fluechtling [heisshungrig]: Sie sind ein Engel. [Er verschlingt
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koennen einen alten Soldaten immer an dem Inhalt seiner Sattel- und
mit, die alten--Futter. Ich danke Ihnen. [Er gibt ihr die Schachtel
fort. Er schrickt wieder zusammen, als wenn sie ihn haette schlagen
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ich nur ein Maedchen bin, mindestens ebenso mutig schlaegt wie das
Tage lang im Feuer gestanden wie ich. Zwei Tage kann ich das
drei Tage lang aus. Ich bin jetzt so nervoes wie eine Maus. [Er
Sie mich weinen sehen?
Raina [bestuerzt]: Nein!
Der Fluechtling: Wenn Sie das wollen, brauchen Sie mich nur
Kindermaedchen. Wenn ich jetzt im Lager waere, wuerde man allerhand
ausschelten. [Von dem Mitgefuehl in ihrer Stimme ergriffen, hebt er
ihm weg und sagt steif:] Sie muessen mich entschuldigen, UNSERE
Arten Soldaten; junge und alte. Ich diene seit vierzehn Jahren; die
gaenzlicher Unkenntnis der Kriegskunst, durch nichts weiter.
Berufskenntnis gesehen!
Raina [ironisch]: Oh, war es Mangel an Berufskenntnis, Sie zu
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