Nanjing Massacre
The Nanjing Massacre (Nanjing Da Tusha 南京大屠殺 in Chinese; Nankin Dai Gyaku-satsu 南京大虐殺 in Japanese), also known as the Rape of Nanking, refers to the widespread atrocities conducted against Chinese civilians in Nanking after its fall to Japanese troops on December 13, 1937 during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).The Chinese government estimates that 300,000 people were killed during the following three months (December 1937 - February 1938), though the number is still in dispute. The number cited in the book The Rape of Nanjing was 260,000.
Although some few Japanese historians either deny the existence of atrocities or seek to minimize them, the events following the fall of Nanking are well documented by journalists and other eyewitnesses and are not disputed by most historians including the majority of Japanese historians.
Reports by American reporters of Japanese brutality against Chinese civilians helped turn American public opinion against Japan and, in part, led to a series of events which culminated in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
"Rape of Nanking" is a term commonly used in America for referring to the massacre. It is the subject of the book The Rape of Nanjing, published in 1998.
External links and references
- Website denying the massacre occurred (http://www.history.gr.jp/nanking/index2.html)
- Extremely gruesome photos of the massacre (http://museums.cnd.org/njmassacre/page1.html)
- Online documentary: The Nanking Atrocities (http://www.missouri.edu/~jschool/nanking/)
- Book: The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II by Iris Chang, William C. Kirby; Penguin USA (Paper); ISBN 0140277447; (November 1998)
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conceived from it, in spite of myself, the sad presentiment of the
joy, bitterly mingled with regret. In spite of the bravery to which
and badly commanded, had alone failed in the great projects confided to
Strasburg he had ordered the fleet at Brest to make several cruises, and
the movement of Gouvion St. Cyr in the Bay of Naples. "It might seize an
remain in the waters near Naples all the time necessary to do the greatest
to send to Malta. After this expedition it will return to Toulon, where it
necessary to do two things, first to send a special message to Admiral
excessive pusillanimity will hinder him from undertaking it, you will send
upon Admiral Villeneuve to return to France, to render an account of his
him the departure of Admiral Rosily, he did not make him acquainted with
endeavor to influence the imperious will of Napoleon with regard to the
divined what his friend hid from him. "The sailors of Paris and the
me," wrote he to Decrès. "They will have themselves prepared the
squadrons, and they will see against what elements they are exposed to
failed in daring, the emperor will shortly be satisfied, and may count
of Carthagena, nor the vessels which he had formerly imprudently.
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