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 Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 

Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, Baron Cecil of Essendon. Also known as Lord Robert Cecil (before 1865), and Viscount Cranborne (1865-1868). British statesman and Prime Minister.

Lord Robert Cecil was the second son of the 2nd Marquess of Salisbury. After an unhappy childhood, he went into politics, entering the House of Commons as a Conservative in 1853.

In 1857, Cecil married Georgina Alderson, a woman of low social standing, in spite of his father's objections. The marriage proved a happy one, producing five sons and two daughters. In 1866 Cecil, now called Viscount Cranborne (due to the death of his older brother), entered the third government of Lord Derby as Secretary of State for India, but resigned the next year over the Reform Bill, which he opposed.

In 1868, on the death of his father, the new Marquess of Salisbury was raised to the House of Lords.

He returned to government again in 1874, serving once again as India Secretary in the government of Benjamin Disraeli. Gradually, Salisbury developed a good relationship with Disraeli, whom he had previously disliked and distrusted, at least partially due to the latter's Jewish origins. In 1878, Salisbury succeeded Lord Derby (son of the Prime Minister) as Foreign Secretary, in time to help lead Britain to "peace with honor" at the Congress of Berlin[?]. For this he was rewarded with the Order of the Garter.

Following Beaconsfield's death in 1881, Salisbury became the leader of the Conservative opposition, and became Prime Minister of a minority administration from 1885 to 1886. Although he was unable to accomplish much in this administration, due to his tenuous command over the Commons, the split of the Liberals over Irish Home Rule[?] in 1886 enabled him to return to power with a parliamentary majority, and, with a short break (1892-1895) to serve as Prime Minister throughout the period from 1886 to 1902.

Salisbury's expertise was in foreign affairs, and uncharacteristically, for most of his time as Prime Minister he served not as First Lord of the Treasury, the traditional position held by the Prime Minister, but as Foreign Secretary. In that capacity, he skillfully managed Britain's foreign affairs, famously pursuing a policy of "Glorious Isolation," while at home he staunchly opposed Irish Home Rule. Among the important events of his premierships was the Partition of Africa[?], culminating in the Fashoda Crisis[?] and the Boer War.

In 1902, Salisbury resigned from office, being succeeded by his nephew, Arthur James Balfour. He was the last peer to serve as Prime Minister.

Lord Salisbury's First Government, July 1885 - February 1886

Changes

Lord Salisbury's Second Government, August 1886 - August 1892

Changes

  • January, 1887 - Lord Salisbury succeeds Lord Iddesleigh as Foreign Secretary. William Henry Smith succeeds Salisbury as First Lord of the Treasury. Edward Stanhope succeeds Smith as Secretary for War. Sir Henry Holland (later Lord Knutsford) succeeds Smith as Colonial Secretary. George Joachim Goschen succeeds Lord Randolph Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Arthur Balfour succeeds Sir Michael Hicks Beach as Irish Secretary. His successor as Scottish Secretary isn't in the Cabinet. Hicks Beach becomes a minister without portfolio. Charles Thomson Ritchie enters the Cabinet as President of the Local Government Board[?].
  • 1888 - Sir Michael Hicks Beach succeeds Lord Stanley of Preston as President of the Board of Trade
  • 1889 - H. Chaplin enters the Cabinet as President of the Board of Agriculture.
  • October, 1891 - Arthur James Balfour succeeds William Henry Smith as First Lord of the Treasury. Balfour's successor as Irish Secretary isn't in the cabinet.

Lord Salisbury's Third Government, June 1895 - July 1902

Changes November, 1900 - Complete reorganization of the ministry:


Pollock, for their oil, which is extracted by boiling them in large wooden and birds' eggs, chitons and octopus are favorite articles of eaten both fresh and dried, frequently mixed with oolachan grease, generally of an inferior size, are raised, chiefly by the old _epilobium_, _heracleum_, &c. Bear, wild geese, duck, and grouse also Hydas are not very successful hunters, seldom penetrating far inland islands, which will be briefly noticed in the order reached in eastward. They are situated upon the immediate shore, the houses to three tall carved poles in front. Kah-oh and Ki-oos-ta, both in fifteen houses and eighteen poles, are situated near each other on the the Passage, on the south end of North Island, opposite Lucy.

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