Sino-Indian War
The Sino-Indian war was a short border war between India and thePeople's Republic of China, the worlds two most populous countries, which took place in 1962. It was triggered by a dispute over the Himalayan border in the Aksai Chin. The disputed area was strategic for the PRC as it contained a major road between Tibet and Xinjiang.
Causes of the War
India and the PRC shared good relations through the 1950s, including the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, proposed by the prime ministers of the two countries in 1953. However, after the PRC occupation of Tibet in 1959, the Indian government adopted a policy of forward military deployment in the border area.
The Indian deployment was spread over a large area. Logistics were difficult to maintain, since the road network was poor.
India's Prime Minister Nehru had relied on U.S. diplomatic support to maintain India's claim in the area. However, in October, 1962, American attention was focused on the Cuban Missile Crisis with the Soviet Union.
Events in the War
Hostilities began on October 16, 1962. The PRC stated that they were responding to Indian provocations.
On October 20, 1962, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched two coordinated attacks 1000 km apart in the Chip Chap valley in Ladakh[?] and the Namkachu river. After securing a substantial portion of the disputed territory, the Chinese made an offer to negotiate on October 24. The Indian government promptly rejected this offer, and tried to regroup during the lull in the fighting.
By November 18, the PLA had penetrated close to the outskirts of Tezpur, Assam[?], a major frontier town nearly fifty kilometers from the Assam-North-East Frontier Agency[?] border. The PLA did not advance farther and on November 21 declared a unilateral cease-fire. The United States Air Force flew in massed supplies to India in November, 1962, but neither side wished to continue hostilities.
Results of the War
India's defeat in 1962 led to a revision of Indian military doctrine, training, organization and equipment. The Nehru government also decided to assimilate several territories that they saw as a source of espionage and resupply to potential enemies. In 1965 India seized Goa from Portugal by force and the then-independent state of Sikkim.
Many Indians still regard the territorial acquisitions as an illegal occupation, and for this reason proposals to formalize the border at the line of actual control have proven impossible to implement. However, neither the Indian nor the PRC government appear very interested in disturbing the status quo, and the disputed boundary, called by Indians the Line of Actual Control[?] or the McMahon Line[?] isn't considered a major flashpoint. Military commissions from India and the PRC meet regularly in the capitals of both countries to discuss the status of the border.
the next instant he lay desperately wounded on the ground, but was close
was carried, but the furious conflict still continued. At nearly.html">nearly the
cast off their moorings, and to be drifting away from the dyke. A large
Alexander's judicious orders had been directed upon the fleet. The
or to remain and fall into the enemy.html">enemy's hands, should he gain the day.
triumph.html">triumph of the whole enterprise.html">enterprise, while their actual decision proved most
receding waters. "The sea deserts the impious heretics. Strike from
ships." The Spaniards were not slow to perceive their advantage, while
was lost. In the hour of transitory triumph the leaders of the
much heroism had been exhibited, fortune too had averted her face. The
the blood-stained dyke. Some were slain with spear and bullet, others
of the embankment. The fugitives, making their way to the retreating
swords in their teeth, and engaged them in mortal combat in the midst of
remaining at our mercy, and I having no doubt that my soldiers would
to abandon the position which they had held so manfully seven hours long.
the same night in the fewest possible words, was of opinion that the
have more room to play on the enemy," said he; "but the Hollanders and
would leave them, abandoned their string. The Scots, seeing them to
stood to repulse, and are put most to the sword. In this shameful
The blunt Englishman was justly indignant that an enterprise, so nearly
the dyke in three places," said he; "but left it most shamefully for want
disaster--was now fortunate enough to expiate them by a soldier's death.
.
On
wordlookup.net
All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
It uses material from the wikipedia.
|
|