Stuttering
Stuttering (also known as stammering in the UK) is a speech disorder in which pronunciation of the (usually) first letter or syllable of a word is repeated involuntarily. For example, stuttering on the word "table" would become either "t-t-t-t-...t-table" or "ta-ta-ta-ta-...-ta-table". Stuttering is an involuntary process which hinders normal communication. The person stuttering cannot himself stop the process, but anxiousness or nervousness often escalates the problem.Usually, stuttering appears slightly before adolescence, and sometimes it disappears after puberty. However, if it continues to a mature age, it usually stays forever. It is three times more likely for boys than girls to get this disorder. Stuttering can be treated through speech therapy, but the results vary. Most commonly, the problems can be decreased, but there is no objective way to measure the results.
Stuttering sometimes develops into blocking, that is, even the first letter or syllable becomes impossible to pronounce, i.e. blocked. A natural explanation for this is that while trying to avoid stuttering or in fear of stuttering, the person cannot utter the word at all. This too is an unvoluntary action even though the development from stuttering to blocks can be partly intentional.
In the past, this disorder was often attributed to psychological problems, but perhaps the most prominent current view is that the reason has something to do with neural synchronisation problems in the brain. Recent research indicate that stuttering is caused by disrupted fibres between the speech area and language planning area, both in the left hemisphere. This disruption could have been caused by early brain damage[?] or a genetic link.
The disorder can be compared with dyslexia which is another disorder affecting communication.
Famous people who stuttered:
The most famous fictional character who has the speech impediment is the Warner Brothers animated character, Porky Pig.
As a practical note for non-stuttering people: most people stuttering would wish that the problem be ignored in normal situations. However, if stuttering causes a problem for the listener, then one should not be afraid to talk about it.
hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet.
frigidus obstiterit circum praecordia sanguis:
flumina amem silvasque inglorius. O ubi campi
Taygeta! O, qui me gelidis convallibus Haemi
Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,
subiecit pedibus strepitumque Acherontis avari.
panaque Silvanumque senem Nymphasque sorores:
flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres
non res Romanae perituraque regna; neque ille
quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura
insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit.
in ferrum, penetrant aulas et limina regum;
ut gemma bibat et Sarrano dormiat ostro;
hic stupet attonitus rostris; hunc plausus hiantem
corripuit; gaudent perfusi sanguine fratrum,
atque alio patriam quaerunt sub sole iacentem.
hinc anni labor, hinc patriam parvosque nepotes
Nec requies, quin aut pomis exuberet annus
proventuque oneret sulcos atque horrea vincat.
glande sues laeti redeunt, dant arbuta silvae;
mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis.
casta pudicitiam servat domus, ubera vaccae
inter se adversis luctantur cornibus haedi.
ignis ubi in medio et socii cratera coronant,
velocis iaculi certamina ponit in ulmo,
Hanc olim veteres vitam coluere Sabini,
scilicet et rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,
Ante etiam sceptrum Dictaei regis et ante
aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat;
inpositos duris crepitare incudibus enses.
et iam tempus equum fumantia solvere colla.
GEORGICON
pastor ab Amphryso, vos, silvae amnesque Lycaei.
omnia iam volgata: quis aut Eurysthea durum
Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
.
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