Systemics : Systems Theory
Systemics or systems theory (French systémique, German allgemeine Systemtheorie) or general systems science. Types of systems and systems as a whole are studied. Systems theory or systemics was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy between 1940-1970 on principles from physics, biology and engineering and strengthened by philosophy, sociology and economics .Systemics focuses on complexity and interdependance. It is about everything we face in the world, hence the matter can get rather philosophical. In recent times Complexity theory has increasingly been used as a synonym.
Systemics is a humanistic mirror of nature sciences. More on the applied side, System dynamics is a method for understanding the dynamic behavior of complex systems. The basis of the method is the recognition that the structure of any system -- the many circular, interlocking, sometimes time-delayed relationships among its components -- is often just as important in determining its behavior as the individual components themselves. Examples are chaos theory and social dynamics.
Cybernetics is a related field, sometimes considered as a part of systemics.
References:
- Durand, Daniel La systémique, Presses Universitaires de France, 1979
- Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1968). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. New York: George Braziller
See also:
External Links
- Principia Cybernetica Web (http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DEFAULT.html)
- International Society for the System Sciences (http://www.isss.org/)
- Autopoiesis (http://www.acm.org/sigois/auto/Main.html)
- Systems theory (http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSTHEOR.html)
this world."
Silently, sadly, they went together into that little room.html">room where so much
completely they filled it,--these five people and the big Rothfield
leaned against it, and brushed her eyes. The Doctor turned the wick of
smile? Yes, and a light. The divine light which is shed upon those who
For a long space, perhaps an hour, they stayed, silent save for a low
Tableaux from the past floated before Virginia's eyes. Of the old days,
father, and she and Captain Lige smiling nearby. And she remembered how
and say:
"It's my turn now, Lige."
Whereupon the Captain would open the piano, and she would play the hymn
What pleasure could it have been all through his illness to look upon
that Stephen Brice had been with the Judge when he had bid it in. She
who had ever been known to break the Judge's will. Virginia's eyes
smoothing the pillows The strength of Stephen's features were in hers,
softened. The widow, as if feeling Virginia's look upon her, glanced up
and again at the thought which she had had of the likeness between mother
of Clarence crossed Virginia's mind.html">mind.
Why had he not returned? Perhaps he was in the office without.
Descending to the street, she was unable to gain any news of Clarence
the Judge's room Perhaps Clarence would be back at any moment. Perhaps
in front of her, her chin in her hand.html">hand, her eyes at the level of a line of
Evidence. Absently; as a person whose mind is in trouble, she reached
high and bold hand, was written the name, Stephen Atterbury Brice.
It was his desk! She was sitting in his chair!
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