Timeline of geology
Timeline of geology: see also geologic timescale.
- 1620 - Francis Bacon notices the jigsaw fit of the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean
- 1701 - Edmund Halley suggests using the salinity and evaporation of the Mediterranean to determine the age of the Earth
- 1785 - James Hutton presents paper entitled Theory of the Earth - earth must be old
- 1830 - Sir Charles Lyell publishes book, Principles of Geology
- 1837 - Louis Agassiz begins his glaciation studies which eventually demonstrate that the Earth has had at least one Ice Age
- 1862 - Lord Kelvin attempts to find the age of the Earth by examining its cooling time and estimates that the Earth is between 20--400 million years old
- 1903 - George Darwin[?] and John Joly claim that radioactivity is partially responsible for the Earth's heat
- 1907 - Bertram Boltwood[?] proposes that the amount of lead in uranium and thorium ores might be used to determine the Earth's age and crudely dates some rocks to have ages between 410--2200 million years
- 1912 - Alfred Wegener proposes that all the continents once formed a single landmass called Pangaea that broke apart via continental drift
- 1913 - Albert Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth
- 1935 - Charles Richter[?] invents a logarithmic scale to measure the intensity of earthquakes
- 1953 - Maurice Ewing[?] and Bruce Heezen[?] discover the Great Global Rift[?] running along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 1960 - Harry Hess[?] proposes that new sea floor might be created at mid-ocean rifts and destroyed at deep sea trenches
- 1963 - F.J. Vine[?] and D.H. Matthews[?] explain the stripes of magnetized rocks with alternating magnetic polarities running parallel to mid- ocean ridges as due to sea floor spreading and the periodic geomagnetic field reversals
sea an abundance of plant and animal life, and whales which feed on
winter.html">winter.html">winter this state of things is reversed, and whales are poorly
the drift of the `Endurance' samples of plankton were taken almost
a few minutes haul of a tow-net at the surface.html">surface was sufficient to
abundance of surface life broke off abruptly in April, and
of daylight and the opening up of the pack-ice.html">ice. The lower water
productive, and _Euphauiae were taken in the hauls--though sparingly.
gentoo penguins.html">penguins amounted to 1436 for the period April 15 to August
extracted for food.html">food.html">food, and the skins were used as fuel. At the same
the contents. The largest proportion of these contained the small
forms. Occasionally, however, small fish were recorded. The
enormous for the size of the birds. These penguins were migrating,
several periods of fourteen consecutive days when the bays and
of ice-floes, and then penguins were entirely absent. _Euphausiae_,
in all, sub-Antarctic waters during the southern winter. We may
summer, is definitely in search.html">search of food. Observations have proved
improbable that this should also be in search of food, but rather
temperate regions for the bringing forth of their young. This
show the pairing takes place in the northern areas, that the foetus
Antarctic, and that the calves are born in the more congenial
however, the possibility of a circumpolar migration, and we are
sub-Antarctic areas during the Southern winter.
The following is a rough classification of whales, with special
1. WHALEBONE WHALES (Mystacoceti)
.
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