Timeline of medicine and medical technology
Timeline of medicine and medical technology
- 420 BC - Hippocrates begins the scientific study of medicine by maintaining that diseases have natural causes and puts forth the Hippocratic Oath, marking the birth of modern medicine
- 280 BC - Herophilus studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory nerves and motor nerves
- 250 BC - Erasistratus[?] studies the brain and distinguishes between the cerebrum[?] and cerebellum
- 50-70 - Pedanius Dioscorides writes De Materia Medica - a precursor of modern pharmacopeias that was in use for almost 1600 years
- 180 - Galen studies the connection between paralysis and severance of the spinal cord
- 1242 - Ibn an-Nafis[?] suggests that the right and left ventricles[?] of the heart are separate and describes the lesser circulation of blood
- 1249 - Roger Bacon writes about convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness[?]
- 1403 - Venice implements a quarantine against the Black Death
- 1451 - Nicholas of Cusa[?] invents concave lens spectacles to treat myopia
- early 16th century: Paracelsus, an alchemist by trade, rejects occultism and pioneers the use of chemicals and minerals in medicine
- 1543 - Andreas Vesalius publishes De Fabrica Corporis Humani which corrects Greek medical errors and revolutionizes medicine
- 1546 - Girolamo Fracastoro proposes that epidemic diseases are caused by transferable seedlike entities
- 1553 - Miguel Serveto[?] describes the lesser circulation of blood through the lungs
- 1559 - Realdo Colombo[?] describes the lesser circulation of blood through the lungs in detail
- 1603 - Girolamo Fabrici[?] studies leg veins and notices that they have valves which only allow blood to flow toward the heart
- 1628 - William Harvey explains the vein-artery system and structure of the heart in De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis
- 1701 - Giacomo Pylarini[?] gives the first smallpox inoculations
- 1747 - James Lind discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy
- 1763 - Claudius Aymand[?] performs the first successful appendectomy
- 1790s - Samuel Hahnemann rages against the prevalent practice of bloodletting as a universal cure and founds homeopathy
- 1796 - Edward Jenner develops a smallpox vaccination method
- 1800 - Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide
- 1816 - Rene Laennec[?] invents the stethoscope
- 1842 - Crawford Long[?] performs the first surgical operation using anasthesia
- 1847 - Ignaz Semmelweis studies and prevents the transmission of puerperal fever[?]
- 1870 - Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch establish the germ theory of disease
- 1881 - Louis Pasteur develops an anthrax vaccine
- 1882 - Louis Pasteur develops a rabies vaccine
- 1890 - Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins[?] and uses them to develop tetanus and diptheria[?] vaccines
- 1906 - Frederick Hopkins[?] suggests the existence of vitamins and suggests that a lack of vitamins causes scurvy and rickets
- 1907 - Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness
- 1921 - Edward Mellanby[?] discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
- 1928 - Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
- 1932 - Gerhard Domagk[?] develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus
- 1952 - Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
thou.html">thou.html">Thou art laughing and scorning;
And, though little troubled with sloth,
To be such a traveler as I.
With a soul as strong as a mountain river
Joy and jollity be with us both!
Alas! my journey, rugged and uneven,
But hearing thee, or others of thy kind,
I, with my fate contented, will plod on,
TO A SKYLARK
Ethereal minstrel! pilgrim of the sky!
Or, while the wings.html">wings aspire, are heart and eye
Thy nest which thou canst drop into at will,
Mount, daring warbler! - that love.html">love-prompted strain
Thrills not the less the bosom of the plain:
All independent of the leafy spring.
Leave to the nightingale her shady wood;
Whence thou dost pour upon the world a flood
Type of the wise, who soar, but never roam -
THE SKYLARK
Bird of the wilderness,
Sweet be thy matin o'er moorland and lea!
Blest is thy dwelling-place -
Far in the downy cloud.html">cloud,
Where, on thy dewy wing,
Thy lay is in heaven, thy love is on earth.
O'er fell and fountain sheen,
O'er the red streamer that heralds the day,
Over the rainbow's rim,
Low in the heather blooms
Emblem of happiness,
O to abide in the desert with thee!
James Hogg [1770-1835]
That leans through cloudy gates from Heaven to Earth,
Fills it with jubilant sweet songs of mirth;
With the light.html">light upon his wings,
That shines, and sings?
What matter if the days be dark and frore,
And singing in the light that floods him o'er
Under cloud-arches vast
Great Summer coming fast
In streams of gold and purple he is drowned,
As though the stormy drops were turned to sound;
.
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