Varnish
Varnish is a finish applied to wood or other surfaces in order to provide a clear, hard, durable, protective finish. There are many types of varnish, both natural and synthetic. Varnish finishes are often, although not always, glossy. As opposed to paint, which contains pigment, and is opaque, varnish has little or no color, and is transparent.After being applied, varnishes harden either by evaporation of a solvent, or by a chemical reaction.
Most natural varnishes consist of a gum or resin dissolved in a solvent. Depending on the solvent used, the three main types of natural varnish are spirit varnish (which uses alcohol as a solvent), turpentine varnish, and oil varnish. Spar varnish (also called marine varnish) is high quality waterproof and sunlight resistant varnish named for its use on the masts of ships (called spars). The word lacquer refers to quick-drying, solvent-based, varnishes or paints. Lacquer is also a very durable, slow-hardening, varnish obtained from the sap of a varnish tree. Shellac uses alcohol as a solvent. Although not a particularly durable varnish, shellac is sometimes used as a primer for paint or varnish.
Synthetic varnishes include urethane or polyurethane varnish, varnishes that use water as a solvent, and epoxy varnishes.
- See also desert varnish
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who had a book before him. The mother and her daughters
them.'
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and the Spirit crossed the threshold. Why did he not
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steady, cheerful voice, that only faltered once:
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her work,' and his father loved him so, that it was no
-- he had need of it, poor fellow -- came in. His tea
help him to it most. Then the two young Cratchits got
his face, as if they said,' Don't mind it, father. Don't be
all the family. He looked at the work upon the table, and
They would be done long before Sunday, he said.
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gone. It would have done you good to see how green a
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could have helped it, he and his child would have been farther
which was lighted cheerfully, and hung with Christmas.
signs of some one having been there, lately. Poor Bob sat
himself, he kissed the little face. He was reconciled to.
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