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W. Edwards DemingDr. William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 - December 20, 1993) was a physicist and statistician, attaining great influence in the field of statistical process control. He studied for several years with Dr Walter A. Shewhart[?] of Bell Telephone Laboratories. Shewhart[?]'s theories of statistical control became the basis for Deming's own work.Deming developed the sampling techniques that were used for the first time during the 1940 U.S. Census, and taught Statistical Quality Control[?] (SQC) techniques to workers engaged in wartime production. They were widely applied during the war, but faded into disuse a few years later in the face of huge overseas demand for American mass-produced product. After World War II, Deming was involved in early planning for the 1951 Japanese Census. His expertise, combined with his involvement in Japanese society, led to his receiving an invitation by the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers[?]. The JUSE members had studied Shewhart's techniques, and as part of Japan's reconstruction efforts they sought an expert to teach statistical control. In 1950, Deming gave the first of a dozen or so lectures on SQC. Unlike his previous lectures, he aimed this message at Japan's chief executives: improving quality will reduce expenses while increasing productivity and market share. The Japanese manufacturers applied his techniques widely, and experienced new international demand for Japanese products. In 1960, Deming became the first American to receive the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure from Prime Minister Kishi. An accompanying citation stated that the people of Japan attributed the rebirth and success of their industry to his work. Deming continued running his own consultancy business in the United States largely unknown and unrecognized. In 1980, he featured prominently in an NBC documentary about the increasing industrial competition the United States was facing from Japan. Demand for his services increased dramatically as a result of the broadcast, and Deming continued consulting for industry throughout the world until his death at 93. He publishing several books (notably Out of the Crisis in 1987) on what became known as Total Quality Management (TQM) or Total Quality Control[?] (TQC). JUSE eventually introduced an annual award for the best proponent of Total Quality Management in Japan, and to recognize the contributions of Deming, they named this award the Deming Prize[?]. Deming offered fourteen key principles for management for transforming business effectiveness. In summary:
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nation.html">nation.html">nation.html">nation, and the constitution.html">constitution.html">constitution.html">constitution.html">constitution of the government.html">government. The constitution
itself; the constitution of the state, or the people of the
himself, operating through historical events or natural causes.
nation must exist.html">exist.html">exist, and exist as a political community, before it
individual, can exist without a constitution of some sort.
The distinction between the providential constitution of the
made. The illustrious Count de Maistre, one of the ablest
first quarter of the present, in his work on the Generative
constitutions are generated, not made, and excludes all human
Jacobinism, from which he and his kin and country had suffered so
had the temerity to maintain that God creates expressly royal
nation to expect a good government without a king.html">king who has
was with some such thought, most likely, that a French
the American people on having a Bonaparte in their army, so that
they would have a descendant of a royal house.html">house to be their king or
not the descendant of a royal house, and was, like the present
the French, if only a parvenu, bears himself right imperially
the old royal families of Europe
There is a truth, however, in De Maistre's doctrine that
or made all at once. But nothing is more true than that a nation
action, and many nations have done so, and sometimes for the
fixed and unalterable, it must be wholly divine.html">divine, and contain no
own government--the fundamental objection to the theocratic
society, founded by the ordinary providence of God, the
supernatural providence, and to maintain that the divine
supernaturally, as in the spiritual society. But such is not the
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