Xenon is a member of the zero valance elements that are called noble or inertgases. The word "inert" is no longer used to describe this chemical series since some zero valence elements do form compounds. In a vacuum tube xenon emits a beautiful blue glow when the gas is excited by electrical discharge. Using several hundred kilobars of pressure metallic xenon has been made.
This gas is most widely and most famously used in light-emitting devices such as bactericidal[?] lamps, electron tubes, stroboscopic lamps and photo flash units, and lamps that are used to excite ruby lasers that then generate coherent light[?]. Other uses;
Xenon (Greekxenon meaning "stranger") was discovered by William Ramsay and Morris Travers[?] in 1898 in the residue left over from evaporating components of liquid air.
It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere, occurring in one part in twenty million. The element is obtained commercially through extraction from the residues of liquefied air. This noble gas is naturally found in gases emitted from some mineral springs[?]. Xe-133 and Xe-135 are synthesized by neutron irradiation within air-cooled nuclear reactors.
Before 1962, xenon and the other noble gases gases were generally considered to be chemically inert and not able to form compounds. Evidence since this time has been mounting that xenon, along with other noble gases, do in fact form compounds. Some of the xenon compounds are; difluoride, hexafluoride, sodium perxenate, tetrafluoride, xenon deuterate, xenon hydrate. The highly explosive compound xenon trioxide has also been made. There are at least 80 xenon compounds in which fluorine or oxygen are bonded to xenon. Some compounds of xenon are colored but most are colorless.
Naturally occurring xenon is made of eight stable and one slightly radioactiveisotopes. Beyond these stable forms, there are 20 unstable isotopes that have been studied. Xe-129 is produced by beta decay of I-129 (half-life: 16 million years); Xe-131, Xe-132, Xe-134 and Xe-136 are fission products of both U-238 and Pu-244. Because Xe is a tracer for two parent isotopes, Xe isotope ratios in meteorites are a powerful tool for studying the formation of the solar system[?]. The I-Xe method of dating gives the time elapsed between nucleosynthesis and the condensation of a solid object from the solar nebula. Xenon isotopes are also a powerful tool for understanding terrestrial differentiation. Excess Xe-129 found in carbon dioxide well gases from New Mexico was believed to be from the decay of mantle-derived gases soon after Earth's formation.
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